Assessing clinical severity
Assess haemodynamic status;
Heart rate;
Blood pressure;
Respiratory rate;
Pulse oximetry;
Clinical evidence of fluid overload
or pulmonary oedema;and
Conscious level
Assessing aetiology
Consider:
Ischaemic heart disease;
Hypertensive heart disease;
Valve disease;
Arrhythmias;
Toxic damage;
Immune mediated;
Infiltrative disease;
Metabolic derangement; and
Genetic factors
Understanding precipitating factors
Acute coronary Syndrome;
Arrhythmias (i.e. AF Bradyarrhythmias);
Infection;
Drugs (i.e. NSAIDs);
Changes to heart failure medication;
Hypertensive crisis;and
Pulmonary embolism.